Visualization and analysis of microarray and gene ontology data with treemaps

BACKGROUND: The increasing complexity of genomic data presents several challenges for biologists. Limited computer monitor views of data complexity and the dynamic nature of data in the midst of discovery increase the challenge of integrating experimental results with information resources. The use of Gene Ontology enables researchers to summarize results of quantitative analyses in this framework, but the limitations of typical browser presentation restrict data access. RESULTS: Here we describe extensions to the treemap design to visualize and query genome data. Treemaps are a space-filling visualization technique for hierarchical structures that show attributes of leaf nodes by size and color-coding. Treemaps enable users to rapidly compare sizes of nodes and sub-trees, and we use Gene Ontology categories, levels of RNA, and other quantitative attributes of DNA microarray experiments as examples. Our implementation of treemaps, Treemap 4.0, allows user-defined filtering to focus on the data of greatest interest, and these queried files can be exported for secondary analyses. Links to model system web pages from Treemap 4.0 enable users access to details about specific genes without leaving the query platform. CONCLUSIONS: Treemaps allow users to view and query the data from an experiment on a single computer monitor screen. Treemap 4.0 can be used to visualize various genome data, and is particularly useful for revealing patterns and details within complex data sets

Overlaying Graph Links on Treemaps

International audienceEvery graph can be decomposed into a tree structure plus a set of remaining edges. We describe a visualization technique that displays the tree structure as a Treemap and the remaining edges as curved links overlaid on the Treemap. Link curves are designed to show where the link starts and where it ends without requiring an explicit arrow that would clutter the already dense visualization. This technique is effective for visualizing structures where the underlying tree has some meaning, such as Web sites or XML documents with cross-references. Graphic attributes of the links - such as color or thickness - can be used to represent attributes of the edges. Users can choose to see all links at once or only the links to and from the node or branch under the cursor

Evaluation of Dynamic Load Reduction for a Tractor Semi-Trailer Using the Air Suspension System at all Axles of the Semi-Trailer

International audienceThe air suspension system has become more and more popular in heavy vehicles and buses to improve ride comfort and road holding. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the dynamic load reduction at all axles of a semi-trailer with an air suspension system, in comparison with the one using a leaf spring suspension system on variable speed and road types. First, a full vertical dynamic model is proposed for a tractor semi-trailer (full model) with two types of suspension systems (leaf spring and air spring) for three axles at the semi-trailer, while the tractor’s axles use leaf spring suspension systems. The air suspension systems are built based on the GENSYS model; meanwhile, the remaining structural parameters are considered equally. The full model has been validated by experimental results, and closely follows the dynamical characteristics of the real tractor semi-trailer, with the percent error of the highest value being 6.23% and Pearson correlation coefficient being higher than 0.8, corresponding to different speeds. The survey results showed that the semi-trailer with the air suspension system can reduce the dynamic load of the entire field of speed from 20 to 100 km/h, given random road types from A to F according to the ISO 8608:2016 standard. The dynamic load coefficient (DLC) with the semi-trailer using the air spring suspension system can be reduced on average from 14.8% to 29.3%, in comparison with the semi-trailer using the leaf spring suspension system

Effect of operating conditions on a heavy truck ride comfort with hydro-pneumatic suspension system

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system (HPSs) of a mining dump truck on ride comfort under operating conditions. To achieve goals, a 3-D full-vehicle vibration model of a mining dump truck with 10 degrees of freedom is set up to analyze the effects. A nonlinear mathematical model is set up based on the nonlinear characteristics of the HPSs to determine their vertical force which is connected with a 3-D full-vehicle vibration model. The effects of operating conditions on a heavy truck ride comfort are respectively analyzed through the values of the root mean square of acceleration responses of the vertical cab, pitch and roll angles of cab (awc, awphi and awteta). The analysis results indicate that the survey conditions have a great influence on vehicle ride comfort. Especially, the values of awc, awphi and awteta with the poor road surface condition respectively reduce by 43.1%, 45.9% and 61.8% compared to the very poor road surface condition at vehicle speed of 30 km/h and full load